Biodiversity Conservation

W National Park and the greater W-Arly-Pendjari (WAP) Complex are vital for the conservation of large African fauna in the region. More than 50 large mammal species are present, including significant populations of elephant, buffalo, a dozen antelope species, hippo, spotted and striped hyaena, leopard, as well as small carnivores. Over 360 bird species have been recorded, as well as 115 fish and 150 reptile species.

The last viable populations of several species are found in the WAP Complex, including the north-west African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus ssp. hecki), a critically endangered subspecies occurring in small numbers. Ninety percent of the West African lion subpopulation also occurs here as well as several rare antelope species such as the korrigum antelope (Damaliscus korrigum).

A 2024 aerial survey reported encouraging results, including a possible increase in elephant numbers, likely resulting from improved management and conservation efforts as well as migration from neighbouring regions. Since 2020, elephant, lion and various antelope species have been collared for consistent movement data and improved understanding of key species home ranges. 

Monthly and quarterly movement maps help to improve the understanding of key species movements as well as allowing WNP to adapt its conservation and research programme to the security context.

Improved law enforcement efforts in W benefit people and wildlife © Julien Chevillot

A framework has been developed to consult with local leaders to mitigate pressures and find alternatives to illegal and unsustainable resource extraction. Together with Pendjari National Park, human-wildlife conflict (HWC) management and mitigation programmes are continuing, with HWC victims being compensated for losses, and elephant translocation crates available to remove habitually problematic individuals from community areas.

Over the past decade, militant activity in the Sahel has spread into Benin and spilled into the park with devastating consequences in February 2022 and more recently in July 2024. Since then, W and Pendjari have re-evaluated their approach to the long-term conservation and management if these protected areas. Since 2022, to ensure the safety of park staff, operations are closely monitored to reduce proximity to volatile border areas, while all roads coming in and out of the park are monitored. Close, positive engagement is prioritised and maintained with local communities who play a vital role in supporting security within their regions. 

For these solutions to work, coordination and clarity on roles and responsibilities between African Parks and the government is vital. The Benin Government ensures the ongoing support of the national army to reduce the threat of militant action infiltrating W National Park, working towards de-escalating socio-political tensions. Park management’s focus is on biodiversity conservation, safeguarding natural resources, reducing illegal activities that threaten wildlife and continuing with community development initiatives. At the same time, capacity-building with specialised ranger training continues, including human rights and equipping teams to operate effectively in line with evolving challenges and improve safety, confidence and overall morale.